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in rutherford's famous experiment, he shot heavy, fast moving, positive alpha particles at a thin gold foil. based on thomson's plum pudding model of the atom, what did rutherford expect to happen, and why?

all the alpha particles would be deflected by the foil because of the even distribution of mass and charge throughout the atom.
all the alpha particles would pass straight through the foil because of the even distribution of mass and charge throughout the atom.
most of the alpha particles would become embedded in the foil because they are attracted to the negative electrons in the atom.
some of the alpha particles would be deflected and some would pass through, because of the negative charge of the electron cloud.

Here you go

An extremely thin gold foil was bombarded with the narrow beam of fast moving alpha particles. ... Before performing this experiment it was assumed by Rutherford that most of the alpha particles would pass through the gold foil with less deflection. He assumed this on the basis of theory proposed by JJ Thomson.

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Option B. Based on Thompson's plum pudding model of the atom, Rutherford expected that all the alpha particles would pass straight through the foil because of the even distribution of mass and charge throughout the atom.

Explanation:

Ernest Rutherford, a New Zealand-British physicist, decided to test how alpha particles interacted with one other elements, by shooting them at a thin gold foil. Rutherford and other scientists felt the pressure to study and to test the effects of x-rays and radiation, as it was known that the Germans were already doing so. By conducting the experiment, Rutherford expected that all the alpha particles would pass straight through the foil because of the even distribution of mass and charge throughout them, as JJ Thomson's plum pudding model suggested. But Rutherford was surprised when he saw that although most of the alpha particles were passing through the foil, some of them were deflecting and others were even bouncing back, which made Rutherford to get to the conclusion that an atom contains mostly empty space, with a very small and dense nucleus at the center that contained most of the atom's mass, and with several electrons orbiting the nucleus.

your answer would be a, maximum exploitation of resources.