African penguins, which inhabit the coasts of southern africa, were classified as an endangered species in 2010. two significant threats to their survival are ecosystem damage from oil spills and overfishing by humans. overfishing depletes the food supply of african penguins. the best method to reduce the threat of overfishing would be to . the risk of oil spills could be reduced by increasing the use of , which should oil consumption. if an oil spill does occur, could be used to remove the oil so the ecosystem may more quickly recover.

The best method to reduce the threat of overfishing would be to expand marine protected areas.

There are many possible solutions for the overfishing. Many organizations around the world are focusing on ways to make the fishing industry more sustainable, to address fishing subsidies, to educate retailers to purchase their seafood from sustainable fisheries in order to influence global market.

The risk of oil spills could be reduced by increasing the methods to prevent releases of oil (Oil Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures-SPCC program) which should help oil consumption  

If an oil spill does occur, use of microorganisms (such as the bacteria Alcanivorax) or  bioremediation accelerator could be used to help remove the oil so the ecosystem may more quickly recover.  

c-reactive protein (crp) is an acute phase protein belonging to pentraxin family of proteins, whose levels increases 1000-fold or more in concentration in blood during the occurrence of an injury, inflammation or tissue death.

from my research i have to the conclusion that decomposers, such as fungi, bacteria and invertebrates, play a critical role in nutrient cycling and without them the earth's ecosystem may not support life as we know it. elements such as carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus exist in limited amounts on earth, although huge amounts of carbon are being released into the atmosphere from underground sources now by humans. it is still extremely important that other nutrients be retained by the process of re-use. decomposers are organisms that are able to chemically break down dead material and make these elements available for use by other organisms. without this breakdown of dead material, dead bodies would pile up. so decomposers also play a role in clean up also. without them, life might not continue as we know it and dead material would overwhelm the earth.