To treat a callus, you decide to shave off some of the excess epidermis. while doing this, you notice that there is no pain or bleeding. why wouldn't it cause pain to remove onky the superficial part of the epidermis? why wouldn't it bleed?

Callus refers to a hyper-keratinized skin. The formation of callus occurs at the time of hyperkeratinization of the epidermal dead cell. It is stretum carniosum epidermis layer and comprises dead cells, so it does not comprise sensory receptors and blood vessels.  

Due to this reason, there is no bleeding and pain in callus when one shave it off. It is usually developed due to pressure, friction, or other chemical, or physical irritation on the epidermal layer.  

individual oxygen atoms are formed during photosynthesis.-c.

the abdomen (less formally called the belly, stomach, tummy or midriff) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. the region occupied by the abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity. the stomach secretes acid and enzymes that digest food. ridges of muscle tissue called rugae line the stomach. the stomach muscles contract periodically, churning food to enhance digestion. the pyloric sphincter is a muscular valve that opens to allow food to pass from the stomach to the small intestine.