Hox genes were discovered when researchers found adult fruit flies with body parts in the wrong place. what term describes the types of mutations that cause this phenomenon

The correct answer is homeosis.

Homeosis is the phenomenon that can be described as transformation of one organ into another. It is the result of, mutation in or misexpression of certain developmentally critical genes, like homeotic genes. Homeotic mutations change segment identity during development.

in 1859, charles darwin set out his theory of evolution by natural selection as an explanation for adaptation and speciation. he defined natural selection as the "principle by which each slight variation [of a trait], if useful, is preserved".