Leeches, ticks, mosquitoes, lampreys, and vampire bats all suck blood. would they form a monophyletic group of close relatives with a recent common ancestor in a phylogenetic tree?

Answer;

No, they would not form a monophyletic group of close relatives with a recent common ancestor.

Explanation;

-This is because their similarities are due to convergent evolution (adaptation to the bloodsucking lifestyle); phylogenetic analysis is based on homologous features, not analogous features.

-Convergent evolution is the process by which unrelated or distantly related organisms evolve similar body forms, coloration, organs, and adaptations. Phylogenetic analysis is based on homologous features, which the above organisms lacks. Homologous traits are those traits that are shared by two or more different species that share a common ancestor.

both anaerobic and aerobic respiration use glucose (or other carbohydrates), proteins and lipids to produce atp and nadh. cell uses those energy molecules, obtained from food and   breaks them down during the chemical reactions of respiration. in anaerobic respiration, nadh is regenerated to nad+ by enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (lactate is produced, e.g. in muscle cells) or by alcohol dehydrogenase where ethanol is produced (alcohol fermentation), while in aerobic respiration, electrons from nadh are deposited in the mitochondria to regenerate nad+ (electron transport chain. anaerobic respiration produces 2 atp per molecule of glucose compared to aerobic respiration where about 38 atp molecules are produced.

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