Which organelle is believed to have derived from specialized bacteria that survived endocytosis (consumption or intake) by another species of cell and became embedded in the cytoplasm? 10 points smooth endoplasmic reticulum rough endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria nucleus

The correct answer is mitochondria.

The endosymbiotic theory illustrates that how a huge host cell and engulfed bacteria could easily become reliant on each other for existence, leading to an everlasting association. Over millions of years of development, chloroplasts and mitochondria have turned more specialized and at present, they cannot thrive outside of the cell.

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.

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