Botox injections have been approved by the food and drug administration (fda) as a procedure to treat spasms of the flexor muscles in the elbow, wrist, and fingers. should a payer reject a claim for this use of botox based on lack of medical necessity?

Botox injections comprise Botulinum toxin and is used in the treatment of some kind of eye ailments, like strabismus (crossed eyes) and blepharospasm (involuntary blinking), to treat movement disorders (like torticollis, cervical dystonia) or muscle spasms/stiffness. It can also be used to minimize the cosmetic appearances of wrinkles.

However, due to certain side effects, the drug was ban by FDA, but it has been approved by the FDA for treating spasms of the flexor muscles. Although, there is a scenario that the claim for the application of the drug could be rejected in case of a lack of a medical necessity, that is if it does not fulfil the usual accepted professional medical standards of care.

answer: decrease

a limiting factor is the one which decrease the abundance, distribution and causes extinction of the population of species in a ecosystem. here, predators including hawks, owls and snakes are the limiting factor for the population of mexican free tailed bat.   although bats are nocturnal animals as they forge for food at night these predators also may remain active during night which can decrease the population of the mexican free-tailed bats. also, these bats eat only one type of insects that are moths. the food can also be a limiting factor as all 400 members are dependent upon same type of food needs that are moths. the decrease in the moth population can cause decrease in population size of the mexican free-tailed bats.

therefore, the scenarios will most likely to decrease the population size of the mexican free-tailed bats.  

idk what the options are but

these is a strong electrostatic attraction between the ions hence a lot of energy is needed to overcome this attraction

this is why the boiling points are so high