As electrons flow from one photosystem to another, the amount of energy present in the electrons decreases. how does the plant cell use the energy lost by the electrons?

The plant cell use the energy to maintain and establish a proton gradient.

The electrons flow through the elecron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane producing a build-up of proton in the inner membrane space. This proton gradient is the direct source of energy for generating ATP.

hormones in blood stream

image: dtc.ucsf.edu

endocrine glands secrete hormones into the blood stream near them; the hormones then travel in our bloodstream until it reaches its destination, called a target cell, in distance parts of the body. in the target tissue, hormones lock onto the target’s plasma membrane, called the receptor site.

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