How are mutations prevented during dna replication? a. dna polymerase checks dna for errors. b. trna molecules check the amino acids for errors. c. sister chromatids check the order of the bases. d. three extra copies of all chromosomes are made.

Which of the following is true of microbes? a. ninety-nine percent of all microbes are pathogenic. b. gene expression in bacteria is very similar to gene expression in humans, which facilitates the use of bacteria in recombinant biotechnology and gene therapy. c. all bacterial enzymes are harmful to humans and the environment. d. microbes create pollutants and toxins that harm the environment.

1. environmental factors, such as ph and temperature, can affect the function of an enzyme. a. true b. false 2. which of the following is an organic molecules (ex. vitamins) that an enzyme? a. coenzyme b. product c. active site d. substrate 3. how do enzymes effect the speed of a chemical reaction? a. they speed it up b. they slow it down c. they have no effect on the speed of a reaction 4. during a chemical reaction, an enzyme is used up so that it can only be used one time. a. true b. false 5. which of the following results from a chemical reaction that is catalyzed by an enzymes? a. active site b. product c. substrate d. coenzyme

The empty trna moves off and picks up another matching amino acid from the cytoplasm in the cell. the anticodon of the trna, with its attached amino acid, pairs to the codon of the mrna, which is attached to a ribosome. this sequence is repeated until the ribosome reaches a stop codon on the mrna, which signals the end of protein synthesis. the ribosome forms a peptide bond between the amino acids, and an amino acid chain begins to form. when a second trna with its specific amino acid pairs to the next codon in sequence, the attached amino acid breaks from the first trna and is bonded to the amino acid of the second trna.