Geography the process in which nutrients are dissolved in water and percolate downward below the root zone of crops is called:

Leaching is the process where dissolved nutrients in the soil profile moves downward with percolating water. It is the loss of water-soluble plant nutrients from the soil. The nutrients that seep through the rooting zone may be recycled if roots grow deeper.

an active site is a region that is present on an enzyme where the reactants or the substrate molecules we can say bind and experience a chemical reaction. the substrate is basically a reactant whose concentration is changing and that is converting into a product after binding at the active site of an enzyme

d. groundwater flows through the subsoil and deposits minerals.