When we write a description of the alleles carried by an organism (for example writing pp for a flower color locus in peas), we are showing: the genotype the genetic linkage the law of segregation the phenotype the law of independent assortment?

It represents the genotype.
For example, Pp is heterozygous genotype, pp is recessive homozygous genotype, PP is dominant homozygous genotype. But, combination and dominance between alleles can show different phenotypes. For example, complete dominance is when phenotype of the dominant allele is expressed in heterozygous. Codominance is when both alleles are expressed equally in heterozygous (phenotype is a combination of both).