Which five probable ancestors of the modern bird (robin) are shown on the cladogram?

Look at the punnett square for an x-linked recessive disease. is it possible for a female offspring to have the disease?

Microorganisms aren’t all decomposers; in fact, many act as producers or primary consumers in an ecosystem. how do microorganisms that act as producers benefit the rest of an ecosystem in terms of energy transfer? what about microorganisms that act as primary consumers?

Development of new communities in disturbed environments, such as a burned or a clear cut forest, is called