How do the heat shock and the calcium chloride assist plasmid insertion in this chemical transformation? relate your answer to the charge on dna and to the charge on the plasma membrane of a cell?

The use of calcium chloride for the transformation (incorporation of plasmid DNA into bacteria ) enables the binding of plasmid DNA to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the plasma membrane. Positively charged Ca2+ attract both the negatively charged DNA and the negatively charged groups in the LPS.

the relative standard reduction potential of the half-cell in which reduction occurs; more positive than the other half-cell. reduction is a chemical process in which electrons are added to an atom or an ion; it always occurs accompanied by oxidation of the reducing agent.