What scientific process can scholars use to view what lies beneath layers of paint on an artwork's surface?

The answer is an X-ray

Musical notation is a system which is used to  visually represent music  pertaining to the ear  contend  with instruments or sung by the human voice through  the employment  of written, printed, or different symbols.in the western music tradition, the sound is represented in written form through musical notation.in musical notation, the pitch is indicated exclusively by the position of notes on the lines and spaces of the staff.