What is the history of the area where the mosaic was found

The mosaic referred to in the question is the Lod Mosaic.

Explanation:

The Lod Mosaic is a mosaic floor discovered in 1996 in Israel´s town of Lod. It's one of the largest and best preserved mosaic floors uncovered in the country. The mosaic is thought to date back to around the year 300 CE. Lod is the Hebrew name of the city, and in the new testament it appears in its Greek form Lydda, which was destroyed by the Romans in the year 66 CE, during the Jewish War. Refounded by Hadrian as Diospolis, Lydda was assigned a Roman colony under Septimius Severus in 200 CE. It remained in Roman hands until becoming a Christian city and eventually falling to Arab conquerors in 636 CE.