What musical element occurs when a rhythm of four is played over a rhythm of three?

polyrhythm

Explanation:

In music, the concept of Polyrhythm presents itself as the simultaneity of two conflicting rhythms. Stylization of the cantochon, by means of the repetition of notes, of the abundant use of quateralters of varied number of elements and of polyrhythmia. Polyrhythmia can serve as a bridge to group improvisation in music.

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the style of music that was composed during the classical era was concerto grosso.