The element of art that describes the relative lightness or darkness of a hue, compared to another hue, is known as

Amusical im pretty sure

The gregorian chant was a major cultural milestone in the middle ages. it was one of the first codified forms of music meant to be played as written, where previously it was difficult to mass-produce and disseminate any music. what's more, these chants were also some of the first examples of musical notation: the notes and bars of today's music sheets are a reflection of centuries of evolution beginning with these chants. it became official throughout the entirety of the catholic church, meaning that nearly all of europe followed this musical notation and styling.

The theme of social protest remained a consistent focus for jacob lawrence throughout his career. in the 1960s lawrence was inspired by news reports and photographs, including images of segregated lunch counter sit-ins and stories of the   freedom riders in the civil rights movement. from the 1970s onward, lawrence's work focused less explicitly on contemporary social issues.

Not 100% sure on the answer but i’d say universal as i don’t see why it would be in the definition