What are the different colored horizontal layers that we see in this photo of a wall in the grand canyon?

The different colored horizontal layers that are present in the photo of a wall in the Grand Canyon are sediments that are deposited at different times in the past so that the oldest layers are at the bottom and layers near the top are the youngest.

Most of the Grand Canyon rocks are sedimentary. The Sedimentary rocks formed layers or strata above one another. Generally, Sedimentary layers are deposited in horizontal beds. The layers near the bottom are the oldest and layers near the top are the youngest.

None of the cross sections of the layers or strata can be seen except the inside of the layers is exposed by erosion. Each of the grand crayon sedimentary layers has a name and formed near sea level when most of the Arizona subsides.  

The sedimentary layers are classified as slopes and alternating cliffs. The alternating cliffs are more durable, they are well cemented limestone. Cliffs are formed by the combination of weathering and erosion; with weathering working on the upper and erosion wearing away the base.

The slopes consist of soft and eroded rocks such as mudstone, shale and siltstone.  

All Grand Canyon sedimentary rocks layers formed near the sea level either just above or below.

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