Aristocracy, or the highest class in certain societies, especially those holding hereditary
titles or offices?

noun aristocracies. 1 usually the aristocracy treated as singular or plural The highest class in certain societies, especially those holding hereditary titles or offices. 'Classes are obvious - there were the aristocracy, the middle class or bourgeois, and of course the peasantry or rustic class.

Explanation:

all options are correct a) b) c) and d)