Which band had an unorthodox instrumental lineup and combined elements of jazz, funk, bluegrass and the singer-songwriter movement to create memorable songs to serve as the basis for large-scale improvisation

Dave Mathews Band (?)

Explanation: https://quizlet.com/318158444/chapter-14-widening-gaps-flash-cards/

it has a bunch of other stuff too you might find useful

i'm not sure i completely understand your question, but i will do my best.

i think the answer you are looking for is sequence. (see below)

a repeated melodic fragment would be best defined as repetition, while repeated chords (different or the same) could be a chord progression. however, you then mentioned the chord and melodic fragment beginning on higher or lower pitches, in that case, the answer could be best defined as a sequence. the definition of a sequence is as follows: "the restatement of a motif or longer melodic (or harmonic) passage at a higher or lower pitch in the same voice."

let me know if this !