By the 1960s, a number of african american musicians had decided to challenge tradition insearch of new modes of expression. few european american "jazz" musicians became a part ofthis movement. the experiments of ornette coleman, charles mingus, and cecil taylor, wereamong some of the earlier ventures that pursued greater degrees of musical freedom during thefifties. improvising artists collectives such as the new schools for therevolutionary music.
a. the world saxophone quartetb. bebop and beyondc. aacm and bagd. coltrane movement