Oblique lighting creates a shadowing effect in photographs of three-dimensional objects by placing the flash at what angle to the plane of view?

less than 45 degrees

Oblique lighting uses a light source to show greater detail by creating a shadowing effect on the surface of an object. The flash is positioned at a low angle, less than 45 degrees.  It is usually used because it reduces reflections.

what is the question then i don’t see one