A special interest group wants the federal government to increase pollution controls on manufacturing plants. (A) Describe how the free-rider effect will affect the group's success.

(B) In the context of the scenario, explain how the interest group will attempt to influence the legislative process.

(C) In the context of the scenario, explain why the interest group might try to seek its policy goals through the bureaucracy rather than through Congress.

For review 1. in terms of which government is sovereign, differentiate among a unitary system, a confed- eral system, and a federal system of government. 2. to which level of government does the constitution distribute the enumerated po implied powers? concurrent powers? reserved powers? provide several power. 3. what matters fall within the scope of state sovereignty? differentiate among dual federalism, cooperative federalism, centralized federalism, and conflicted federalism. how does the national government use grants-in-aid, mandates, and preemption to direct the policy of state and local governments? 6. what do we mean by intergovernmental relations? why is the term a good description of u. s. federalism today? 7. list several advantages and several disadvantages of a federal system.