Regina struggles with reading long passages and feels like no matter how hard she tries she will not understand them, so she skips through reading passages on her tests. This is an example of aversive conditioning vicarious learning learned helplessness avoidance learning reinforcement

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See diagram.we use washers to get the area and we will be integrating with respect to xouter radius is the  distance between y = e^x and y = -1    inner radius of washer is the distance between y = 1 and y = -1    the area of one cross-section of a washer is    solid lies between x = 0 and x = 2. the volume is    if you need this expanded, then    the question doesn't say to evaluate, so we're done.   

How are we suppose to know this