Which of the following membrane activities requires energy from ATP hydrolysis? A) Movement of glucose molecules into a bacterial cell from a medium containing a higher concentration of glucose that inside the cell
B) Facilitated diffusion of chloride ions across the membrane through a chloride channel
C) Movement of sodium ions from a lower concentration in a mammalian cell to a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid
D) Movement of water into a cell through aquaporins

movement of water into a cell through aquaporins

the answer to the question is punishment. or more specifically, positive punishment.

positive punishment occurs when a behavior is given a negative consequence for the individual doing the behavior.

sara no longer wants to ask questions (the behavior) because she is ridiculed by mr. smith (the punishment).

reinforcement is inaccurate because reinforcement always gives positive consequences for the individual doing the behavior, be it by introducing a pleasant consequence or removing an unpleasant one.