Describe some of the examples of interaction you see in the Indian Ocean Basin.   Commodities traveled across the Indian Ocean or as Shafer calls it the Southern Ocean, mostly by Merchants.   Interaction between China and India  Spread the compass  Interaction between   What commodities were being transported though the Indian Ocean? To where? From where?      What is the global significance of southernization? (At least 3)     Explain this statement: “Full Southernization and the wealth that we now associate with northwestern Europe came out of only after their outright seizure of tropical and subtropical territories and their rounding of African and participation in Southern Ocean trade.”     What do you think motivated the author to use the term “southernization” to describe these exchanges in world history?      How did “southernization” lead to changes in the E. Asian, S. Asian and Islamic worlds?      Why do some historians view Shaffer's thesis as an innovative breakthrough?