The inflationary spiral explains the causes and effects of high inflation. the spiral usually begins with a rise in production costs. what is the direct effect?

The direct effect of that occurrence would be : producers rise prices to continue to make profit.
If the cost of production increased, the only way to still gain profit is to raise the price of the products to cover the icnreases

hope this helps

Their worse are not meaningful;

Like many students at university, you may be unhappy about the results you attain in exams. you may feel that even with all you are doing there must be something more -- or different-- you could be doing to get better grades. we have all at some time or other heard of that student who only studies a couple of hours for final exams and scores a's every time. we stand in awe of those who seem to breeze through without undue effort and seem to need very little in the way of studying to nail an exam. the reasons for success, in what i think are the vast majority of cases, are less esoteric than many students think: successful students consistently apply a series of productive strategies with view to attaining clearly identified learning and grade goals throughout the academic term.