Answer fast. identify and describe the three ways that mutations affect organisms.

A mutation is the change in the sequence of a nucleotide or in the organization of the DNA (genotype) of a living being, which produces a variation in the characteristics of this and that is not necessarily transmitted to the offspring. It occurs spontaneously and suddenly or by the action of mutagens. This change will be present in a small proportion of the population (variant) or of the organism (mutation). The genetic unit capable of mutating is the gene, the unit of hereditary information that is part of DNA.

In multicellular beings, mutations can only be inherited when they affect the reproductive cells. A consequence of mutations can be, for example, a genetic disease. However, although in the short term they may seem harmful, mutations are essential for our long-term existence. Without mutation there would be no change, and without change life could not evolve.

The definition of mutation from the knowledge that the hereditary material is DNA and the proposal of the double helix to explain the structure of the hereditary material (Watson and Crick, 1953), would be that a mutation is any change in the sequence of nucleotides of DNA. When this mutation affects a single gene, it is called a gene mutation. When it is the structure of one or more chromosomes that is affected, chromosomal mutation. And when one or several mutations cause alterations in the whole genome they are called genomic mutations.

for many centuries there were important factors which the economies of the muslim empires developed increasingly. they applied economic procedures in production, investment, finance, taxation and property. they used to tax certain goods (for example: harvest), they charged interest on money lent, they signed contracts with merchants; they relied on a common currency, and they used checks as well as promissory notes. with the money collected by means of taxation, the government provided the needy with an income. in addition, trading networks covered huge distances, so far regions started to have contact and exchange goods. this trade network covered areas of asia, africa and europe.

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