Read the paragraph.

julian’s fifteen-minute commute to work included countless potholes that jarred his car. the parking lot was overcrowded, and julian’s car had endured a few fender benders. last week, julian’s young neighbor accidentally dented the car’s hood with a poorly aimed baseball. the car had seen better days.

this paragraph is considered a cause-and-effect text because it

describes how the car became damaged.
explains how julian drives his car.
compares julian’s car to others in the lot.
criticizes the neighbor for being careless.

When lawrence saw the posters for the circus hanging on the bulletin board, as he swept up the trimmings at slim's barbershop, he knew he would be taking his little cousins. they loved animals, and he was looking forward to seeing the smiles on their faces as the circus performers amazed them with their stunts. but sweeping up hair clippings didn't pay a whole lot. lawrence spent 45 dollars just getting tickets. but it was worth it to see his cousins' faces. the day finally came and everyone was excited as they walked into that big circus tent. but lawrence soon realized that he and his cousins would be thirsty and hungry. as they sat in their seats, the drink vendor walked by selling beverages. desperately thirsty, lawrence asked him how much a lemonade would cost, and the drink vendor said, "eleven dollars each." lawrence replied, "oh, that's it? just eleven dollars? what a great deal for one cup of lemonade. that's totally worth it." the drink vendor walked away. which type of irony is used?

Why is the use of summary particularly when analyzing dramatic works?

When should evidence be quoted directly and when should it be paraphrased? identify which approach the student in each scenario should use. paraphrase or quote for each box.